One of the most common cancers that occur in men globally is prostate cancer, which has gone unnoticed for many until its advanced stages. The best part is that because of the improvement in medical science, early detection can be easily made possible with significantly improved chances of treatment outcomes and survival.
Early screening will detect prostate cancer at the stage when it is most treatable and controllable. However, when do you know you should start screening, what tests are involved, and whether you are at risk? This blog goes into detail about these crucial aspects, enabling you to gain knowledge about the warning signs, risk factors, and the latest screening methods for prostate cancer. Remember, being proactive can make all the difference in safeguarding your health.
What Tests Can Detect Prostate Cancer Early?
Prostate cancer can be detected in its early stages with a combination of screening tests, diagnostic imaging, and biopsy procedures. Here is a more detailed look at the main methods that identify prostate cancer at its earliest stage:
1. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test
The PSA blood test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
How it works: PSA levels can be elevated in the case of prostate cancer, but they can also be elevated by other conditions, such as BPH or prostatitis.
Who should get it: It is recommended for men over 50 years or those with a family history of prostate cancer.
2. DRE
This is a manual examination of the prostate gland through a physical checkup by a doctor.
How it works: A lubricated, gloved finger is inserted through the rectum to feel the prostate for lumps, hard areas, or irregularities.
Who should get it: Sometimes done along with a PSA test in a high-risk man.
3. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
MRI uses advanced technology to produce high-quality images of the prostate.
How it works: A multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is quite useful in identifying suspicious areas in the prostate that might need further investigation.
When to use: Indicated when the PSA level is elevated or when a biopsy is inconclusive.
4. Prostate Biopsy
A biopsy is the removal of small samples of prostate tissue for analysis in the laboratory.
How it works: The procedure is often guided by ultrasound or MRI. If cancerous cells are present, a biopsy provides the most definitive diagnosis.
When to use: Performed when other tests, such as PSA and MRI, indicate potential cancer.
5. Urine Tests (PCA3 Test)
Some urine tests, such as the PCA3 (Prostate Cancer Antigen 3) test, can detect genetic markers associated with prostate cancer.
How it works: Urine specimens are tested to identify the potential existence of over-expression of PCA3.
When it is used: Most commonly prescribed in conjunction with PSA tests, and biopsies.
6. Transrectal Ultrasound, TRUS
TRUS can produce images from the prostate with sound waves.
How it works: A rectal probe may be inserted internally; then produces high-quality detailed images to ensure any abnormalities might be identified inside the prostate.
When to use: Commonly paired with a biopsy for a clearer diagnosis.
7. PSA Velocity and PSA Density Tests
These advanced PSA tests provide additional context to standard PSA results.
PSA Velocity: Measures how quickly PSA levels increase over time. Rapid increases may indicate cancer.
PSA Density: Evaluates PSA levels in relation to the size of the prostate, helping to differentiate cancer from benign conditions.
8. Genomic Testing
Genomic or molecular testing evaluates the DNA of prostate cells to estimate the risk of aggressive cancer.
How it works: Tests such as Oncotype DX or Prolaris analyze genetic markers to predict cancer progression and guide treatment decisions.
When to use: It is usually applied to men already diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Routine check-ups and being proactive in health matters are what lead to early detection of prostate cancer.
Although the PSA and DRE tests remain the first lines of screening, advanced imaging and genetic testing offer more accurate methods of detection. Discuss your best screening approach with your healthcare provider based on age, family history, and overall health. Early diagnosis may make a huge difference in treatment success and quality of life.
What Are the Signs of Prostate Cancer Early Stage?
The earliest symptoms of prostate cancer usually come in late when there is less or no evidence of prostate cancer. Still, there are early signs and warning which are observed at an initial level as below;
- Frequent urination during nights
- Pain while beginning and stopping the process of urinating
- Incomplete flow or thin flow
- Bloody semen and urine
- Churning pain and other aching around the pelvic
- Erectile dysfunction
If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation. Early detection is key to effective treatment.
Chances of Treatment and Survival in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is one of the most treatable cancers, especially when detected early. Survival rates and treatment outcomes depend significantly on the stage of cancer at diagnosis, the patient's overall health, and the chosen treatment approach.
Here's a detailed look at the chances of treatment and survival at various stages:
Early-Stage Prostate Cancer (Stages I and II)
Treatment Choices: Active surveillance, radiation therapy, or surgery (prostatectomy).
Survival Odds: The 5-year survival rate is virtually 100%. Early diagnosis will ensure great outcomes with very little side effects of treatment.
Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Stage III
Treatment Choices: Combination of radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and occasionally surgery.
Survival Chances: Advanced treatments help most of the patients with long-term remission of cancer. However, the 5-year survival rate is also maintained to be somewhat lower than early stages.
Advanced or Metastatic Prostate Cancer (Stage IV)
Treatment: Hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.
Survival Probability: Though curable may not be possible, treatment can greatly extend life and also enhance the quality of life. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 30%, though new treatments continue to increase the chances of survival.
Key Factors Determining Survival
- Early Diagnosis: The sooner prostate cancer is diagnosed through tests such as the PSA test, the higher the chance of effective treatment.
- Treatment Plan: Treatment is stage and type specific which improves outcomes.
- Good General Health State: The patients with good general health condition do respond to the treatments well.
Prostate cancer is a very treatable disease even at advanced stages. If screening takes place regularly, high-quality life can be maintained, and opportunities for survival can be improved along with expert consultant advice.
Dr. Pooja Babbar: Your Partner in Prostate Cancer Care
Dr. Pooja Babbar has over ten years of medical oncology expertise. She's one of the most trusted cancer treatment specialists out there. It is her commitment to a patient-centric approach in treatment, always at the leading edge of newer therapies like precision oncology, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Dr. Babbar's commitment to quality life for prostate cancer patients is a beacon of hope. She is not only an expert oncologist but also a caring guide, who, with her strength and confidence, empowers the patients on their journey to recovery. Book a Consultation today!
